The 5th of November is a special day in
Negros Island. This is the day most associated with the Negros Revolution. Independence in the province was gained on this day.
Thus, Negrenses as Filipinos celebrate 2 Indepence Days. One in June 12 which is the day of Philippine Independence and November 5.
The Negros Revolution, now commemorated and popularly
known as Al Cinco de Noviembre or Negros Day, was a political movement
that in 1898 created a government in Negros Island in the Philippines,
informally ending Spanish control of the island and resulting in a
government run by the Negrense natives, at least for that part of the
archipelago and for a relatively short period.
Chronicle of the revolution
November 3
General Aniceto Lacson rode to Silay. A committee headed by Lacson and acting for the province included Gólez, Leandro Locsin and Melecio Severino assembled and decided to begin the revolt on November 5. They then advised Juan Araneta of their decision.
November 4
Juan Araneta, from one of his haciendas
in Ma-ao, advised all the southern mayors to begin the revolt the
following day. In the afternoon, a woman from Kabankalan Norte (the
present-day barrio of Eustaquio López) in Silay told priest Tomás
Cornago of the impending revolt, even though the planning for the same
was held secretly. He inquired of his friend, Doroteo Quillama, cabeza
of the barrio, seeking to verify the report. The cabeza claimed no
knowledge of the revolt. That same afternoon, groups of armed men passed
the haciendas of Silay, and proceeded towards the town. The guardia
civil in Silay were, however, unable to report this to Bacolod; the
rebels had cut the telegraph lines in Talisay the day before.[1]
November 5
The revolt began in Central and Northern
Negros in the morning and by the afternoon had spread to other towns
such as San Miguel and Cadiz. In Silay, Lt. Maximiano Correa, commanding
the Spanish garrison, had ten Spanish cazadores (Spanish, literally,
"hunters") and seven Filipino civil guards. They were entrenched inside
the municipal building, but surrendered without a fight when they
realized that the townspeople were determined to burn the building to
the ground should there be resistance. The Silay parish priest, Eulogio
Saez, a businessman named Juan Viaplana, and José Ledesma persuaded the
Spanish forces to lay down their arms, but in order to save face, the
lieutenant had it appear in the official records that the capitulation
was the result of a bloody battle with "dead and wounded littered all
over the field of battle".[1] Ten Mauser and seven Remington rifles were
surrendered by the garrison. Later, a flag similar to the design of the
Filipino flag embroidered by Olympia Severino and her sisters was
hoisted by the victorious townspeople.
In Bacolod, the governor of the province, Isidro de Castro, sent a force of 25 cazadores and 16 civil guards to engage a swarm of rebels seen camping near the Matab-ang River. After a brief skirmish, they withdrew, leaving two of their number dead. The Governor decided to make a stand in the Bacolod Convent (presently the Bishop's Palace, the rectory of the San Sebastian Cathedral), where hundreds of Spanish families had taken refuge. They waited for the attack, but it did not come.
November 6
In the morning, the rebels advanced upon Bacolod. Lacson and Gólez approached from the north, crossing the Mandalagan River. Araneta with a thousand bolo-men took positions at the Lupit River in the south-east of Bacolod. The wily revolutionaries augmented their lightly armed forces with "cannon" made of bamboo and rolled amakan, and "rifles" carved out of wood and coconut fronds. The bluff worked; de Castro was persuaded that it was useless to defend the capital.
José Ruiz de Luzuriaga, a rich businessman who was deemed acceptable to both rebels and Spanish authorities was sent to mediate. At noon, a delegation from each of the major belligerents met at the house of Luzuriaga. The rebel delegation included Lacson, Araneta, Gólez, Locsín, Simeón Lizares, Julio Díaz, and José Montilla. In an hour, it was agreed by both sides that "Spanish troops both European and native surrendered the town and its defenses unconditionally, turning over arms and communication" and "public funds would be turned over to the new government".
 |
| Historical marker commemorating the surrender of Spanish forces in Bacolod in 1898. Installed at the Fountain of Justice in 2007. |
November 6, 1898, therefore, is the day that the revolution in Negros concluded.[2]:476
The Spanish signatories of the surrender document included Isidro de Castro, Braulio Sanz, Manuel Abenza, Ramón Armada, Emilio Monasterio and Domingo Ureta. Those who signed for the Negros revolutionary forces were Aniceto Lacson, Juan Araneta, Leandro Locsin, Simeón Lizares, Julio Díaz, and José Montilla.[6]
Forty-seven eminent Negrenses formulated and ratified a constitution to create a new republic. Signatories included among others Aniceto Lacson, Juan Araneta, Simeón Linárez, Antonio L. Jayme, Eusebio Luzuriaga, Nicolas Gólez, Agustín Amenabar, Rafael Ramos and Rosendo Lacson.[3]
The newly established Negros Republic would last for approximately three months. American forces landed on the island unopposed on February 2, 1899, ending the island's independence.
November 5 was declared by President Corazon Aquino as a special non-working holiday in the province through Republic Act No. 6709 signed on February 10, 1989. During this day many of the museums and other historical edifices in Silay and Bacolod are closed to the public.
 |
| General Aniceto Lacson's House in Matab-ang, Talisay. |
Notes and references
1 Sa-onoy, Modesto P., Parroquia de San Diego, Today Printers and Publishers, Bacolod City, Philippines, pp. 49-50
2 Foreman, J., 1906, The Philippine Islands, A Political, Geographical, Ethnographical, Social and Commercial History of the Philippine Archipelago, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
3 "Zamboanga: The Greatest Republic in History (Part 10): The Uprising in Negros". Zamboanga Today Online. 2005-08-09. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
4 Jose Paolo Ariola (November 7, 2006). "El cañon de Cinco de Noviembre". SunStar Philippines. Retrieved 2006-11-18.
5 "Negros Occidental to commemorate Al Cinco de Noviembre". Sun.Star Bacolod. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
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